The last slave ship download6/27/2023 In the Americas, a caste system based on race and color emerged in tandem with legal and political systems to codify white supremacy and enshrine enslavement as a permanent and hereditary status. Two million people died during the barbaric Middle Passage.Īfrican countries were destabilized and left vulnerable to conquest, colonization, and violence for centuries. Nearly 13 million African people were kidnapped and trafficked across the Atlantic to the Americas, including the British, French, and Spanish colonies that would later comprise the United States.
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